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      <image:caption>The CTD</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Eroded volcano with R/V Poseidon offshore</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Deploying the CTD-device with</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Mostly rainy</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>The many screens of the science control room</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>The R/V Sonne (new)</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Transiting back to port through the Lau Group volcanoes</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>In the science control room with Sharon Walker and Melissa Anderson, photo credit: T. Hoffmann</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Creating an outreach video with Melissa Anderson</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Recovering ROV Kiel 6000 at night</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>The bridge</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>#selfie</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Processing bathymetric data</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Aft deck</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>An all-female science watch (left to right): Tamara Baumberger, Susanna Michael, Melissa Anderson, Susan Merle, and Sharon Walker (+Pamela Barrett, not shown)</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Volcanoes of the Vanuatu arc</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Participants at the InterRidge Theoretical Institute meeting discuss the current challenges and emerging issues regarding hydrothermal systems. Prof. Melissa Anderson (middle) presented a lecture on subseafloor alteration, and a keynote address on back-arc tectonics.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Recovering samples from the TV grab</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>M.Sc. student Talia Moum as we leave Iceland</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>ROV Quest (MARUM)</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Science team (not shown: Melissa Anderson)</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Crab hitching a ride on the ROV (sulfur plume in the background)</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>The R/V Poseidon</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Recovered massive sulfide chimney</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Sunset</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Relaxing on one of the aft decks</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Science cabin</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Examining recovered rock samples</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Vent mussels for the biologists</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Lava tube on El Hierro</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>The R/V Falkor (Schmidt Ocean Institute)</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Low-temperature hydrothermal sediments and bacterial matting on an offshore volcanic cone</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Aft deck, R/V Falkor</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>M. Anderson representing Canada at the Steering Committee meeting of InterRidge (http://interridge.org/), June 2019. Photo: InterRidge</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Aft deck</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Learning to pilot the ship with Captain Heiko Volz</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Oh look, a thing!</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>AUV Sentry deployment</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Recovered massive sulfide chimney</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Sunset on the aft deck</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Underway with large waves</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>The R/V Sonne (old)</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Cruising by the actively-erupting Yasur Volcano, Tanna, Vanuatu</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Sampling hydrothermal sediment from the TV grab (still warm!)</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Calm seas</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>The winch, attached to a magentometer</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>AUV Sentry team (WHOI), photo credit: T. Hoffmann</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Science team</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>In the science control room with Susan Merle</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Prof. Melissa Anderson ready to depart</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Containers on the aft deck</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Submersible JAGO on the R/V Poseidon</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Large volcanic crater (panorama) on El Hierro</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>“Monkey Island,” R/V Falkor</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Returning to Iceland</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>ROV Marum and the A-frame</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>ROV Kiel 6000</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Outreach</image:title>
      <image:caption>Teaching kids about black smoker chimneys at the Kids Passport to the UofT event, June 2019.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Prof. Melissa O. Anderson Office: ES-3123 22 Ursula Franklin Street Toronto, ON M5S 3B1 melissao.anderson at utoronto.ca</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Seafloor Massive Sulfides</image:title>
      <image:caption>Ship-based collection of water-column data using a CTD. (Image courtesy Schmidt Ocean Institute / RV Falkor)</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Model of the formation of seafloor massive sulfide deposits from Humphries (1998).</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Distribution of vent sites around the world. (Image courtesy GEOMAR / S. Petersen)</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Undergraduate researcher Nicole Schoenherr</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Graduate Researcher Octavio Acuña Avendaño</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Undergraduate Researcher Alex Copeland</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Undergraduate Research Assistant Morgan Wolfe</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Undergraduate Researcher Robert Phillips</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Undergraduate researcher Genevieve Russett</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Research Team - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Graduate Researcher Merve Uygur</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Undergraduate Researcher Daniel Mul</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Undergraduate Researcher Bev Teng</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Graduate Researcher Chantal Norris-Julseth</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Graduate researcher Elizabeth Xu</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Graduate Researcher Aneila Ghanie</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Graduate Researcher Sheila Bellantyne</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Graduate Researcher Jade Umbsaar</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b96df9a3917ee33f30f707a/1565276013045-VJVC9EXPWBP0FCMK9G9F/MMM_9592-2.jpg</image:loc>
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      <image:caption>Graduate Researcher Talia Moum</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Research Team</image:title>
      <image:caption>Undergraduate Research Assistant Kathryn Cheng</image:caption>
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b96df9a3917ee33f30f707a/1551385630265-RNTY0LTUG6WCZYCL8VUB/sofia.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Research Team</image:title>
      <image:caption>Undergraduate Researcher and Research Assistant Sofia Panasiuk</image:caption>
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b96df9a3917ee33f30f707a/284d25ee-96ed-4477-a1ab-a3a63ade1641/IMG-5314.PNG</image:loc>
      <image:title>Research Team - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Graduate researcher Sam Nichols</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b96df9a3917ee33f30f707a/45245be7-56c5-4c59-9b42-7879231022f8/jenn.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Research Team - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>Undergraduate researcher Jennifer Cann</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b96df9a3917ee33f30f707a/1555365768330-TBT5RZHVM1TCZSV16PYK/Anderson.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Research Team</image:title>
      <image:caption>PI: Prof. Melissa O. Anderson</image:caption>
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b96df9a3917ee33f30f707a/1597856374307-CC06YT6JY0T2R4T186L4/David+Summer+headshot.jpg</image:loc>
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      <image:caption>Graduate Researcher David Summer</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Graduate Researcher Olivia Filson</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Research Team</image:title>
      <image:caption>Undergraduate Researcher and Research Assistant Katherine Bormann</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b96df9a3917ee33f30f707a/1565276220103-9N7WQMRM0PKBEB26INFC/MMM_9362.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Research Team</image:title>
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    <loc>https://www.melissaoanderson.com/publications</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
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    <lastmod>2023-10-25</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b96df9a3917ee33f30f707a/1552776320115-DIDPBHYZKOERTQDEBNNF/1605rovvent-hires.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Publications</image:title>
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  <url>
    <loc>https://www.melissaoanderson.com/research-areas</loc>
    <changefreq>daily</changefreq>
    <priority>0.75</priority>
    <lastmod>2019-03-16</lastmod>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b96df9a3917ee33f30f707a/1552768828315-I3OO7O3EIA2WI222FEC4/JCT+Regional+Simple_A.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Target Areas</image:title>
      <image:caption>Figure 5. Global satellite altimetry of the Jean Charcot Troughs (JCT) from Sandwell et al. (2014), with back-arc troughs indicated by the grey hatched pattern. The location of the Tinakula SMS deposit and other sites of hydrothermal venting are indicated by yellow stars (after Beaulieu, 2013). Figure from Anderson et al. (In Rev.).</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b96df9a3917ee33f30f707a/1552772135064-HG62HZZVVVEDT44AP68S/Lau+Basin_vents.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Target Areas</image:title>
      <image:caption>Figure 6. Compilation of multibeam bathymetry (GMRT v.3.2; Ryan et al., 2009) overlain on global marine altimetry data (Sandwell et al., 2014) of the Tonga-Kermadec arc and the Lau back-arc basin. Spreading centers are shown by red lines, hydrothermal vent sites are shown by yellow stars (after Beaulieu et al., 2013), spreading rates and directions are indicated by green arrows (after Zellmer et al., 2000), and subduction rates and directions are indicated by white arrows. CLSC = Central Lau Spreading Center, ELSC = East Lau Spreading Center , FRSC = Fonulei Rift and Spreading Center, FSC = Futuna Spreading Center, ILSC = Intermediate Lau Spreading Ridge, LETZ = Lau Extensional Transform Zone, MTJ = Mangatolu Triple Junction, NELSC = Northeast Lau Spreading Center, NWLSC = Northwest Lau Spreading Center, PR = Peggy Ridge; RR = Rochambeau Rifts; VFR = Valu Fa Ridge.</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
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      <image:title>Target Areas</image:title>
      <image:caption>Figure 1. The tectonic setting of the Izu-Bonin-Mariana subduction zone, overlain on regional bathymetry (GMRT v.3.2; Ryan et al., 2009). Ages of oceanic crust are from Bouysse et al. (2010) and references therein. Seafloor fractures are from Matthews et al. (2011) and Wessel et al. (2015). Subduction rates are relative to the Philippine Sea Plate, from deMets et al. (2010). MP = Mariana Microplate. Figure from Anderson et al. (2017).</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b96df9a3917ee33f30f707a/1552766873099-MP30Z437WDU8W8HPUVID/SW+Pacific+Tectonics_simple.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Target Areas</image:title>
      <image:caption>Figure 3. Geographic location and tectonic features of: (a) the southwest Pacific and, (b) the New Hebrides (Vanuatu and southern Solomon Islands). Light grey areas represent the 2000 m isobaths, green arrows indicate convergence directions and rates (cm/yr), blue lines represent spreading centers, and the New Hebrides back-arc rifts (Coriolis Troughs and Jean Charcot Troughs) are indicated in purple. CT = Coriolis Troughs, DER = d’Entrecasteaux Ridge, JCT = Jean Charcot Troughs, WTM = West Torres Massif. Figure from Anderson et al. (2016), modified from Hall (2002).</image:caption>
    </image:image>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b96df9a3917ee33f30f707a/1552769781073-K6TU2U9GN88C2B1ZJTM9/Central+Mariana+back-arc_vents.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Target Areas</image:title>
      <image:caption>Figure 2. Multibeam bathymetry of the central Mariana back-arc collected during the “Hydrothermal Hunt” research cruise (FK151121) showing diverse seafloor morphologies. Hydrothermal vent sites are indicated by yellow stars (data from Anderson et al., 2016).</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b96df9a3917ee33f30f707a/1552769360931-CAJBD3PQM0SPTNKWL60G/Regional+Bathy_A.jpg</image:loc>
      <image:title>Target Areas</image:title>
      <image:caption>Figure 4. Multibeam bathymetry of the Coriolis Troughs (CT), New Hebrides back-arc, Vanuatu, overlain on global marine altimetry data (Sandwell et al., 2014). The Nifonea shield volcano is located in the northernmost Vate Trough. Hydrothermal venting is indicated by yellow stars (after Beaulieu et al., 2013). Figure from Anderson et al. (2016).</image:caption>
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      <image:title>Target Areas</image:title>
    </image:image>
  </url>
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      <image:caption>Participants in the Newfoundland geology field trip run through the NSERC iMAGE-CREATE program. For more info: https://image-create.ca/.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Photo of students on the Southern Superior field course near the Noranda deposit discovery site (photo by J. Umbsaar). More information on the iMAGE-CREATE program is here: https://image-create.ca/.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>B.Sc. Hon. student Joe Jackson</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Ph.D. candidate Sheila Bellantyne</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Expedition logo of the SO299 cruise (left) and photograph of Ph.D. student Octavio Acuna-Avendano on board the R/V Sonne. Imagery from the Expedition Blog: https://www.oceanblogs.org/so299-dynamet/2023/06/14/the-first-time-on-board-a-research-vessel/</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Congrats to Sofia Panasiuk for her 2nd place price at the SEG-SMC! All of the MRT students did a wonderful job! More info here: https://merc.laurentian.ca/seg-smc-recipients</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>For more information about the SEG Canada Foundation awards, visit: https://www.segweb.org/SEG/Foundations/SEGCF/SEG/Foundations/SEGCF.aspx?hkey=cfbf43fa-cce8-4184-a886-1963de07edb8#:~:text=SEGCF%20Undergraduate%20Scholarships,at%20a%20recognized%20Canadian%20university.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>For more information about the GAC Mineral Deposits Division: https://www.mddgac.org/</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>To listen: https://earthnewsinterviews.podbean.com/e/the-future-of-economic-geology-with-melissa-anderson/</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Mission control during ROV dives to newly-discovered hydrothermal vent sites. Photo courtesy of the Schmidt Ocean Institute.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
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      <image:title>News - Make it stand out</image:title>
      <image:caption>https://image-create.ca/technical-training/training-at-sea/geomar-create-seafloor-mapping-school/</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Group photo in Þingvellir National Park during the Iceland field course.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>M.Sc. student Aneila Ghanie</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Merve Uygur successfully defending her M.A.Sc. thesis.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>https://image-create.ca/technical-training/training-at-sea/geomar-create-seafloor-mapping-school/</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>https://sga2023.ch/</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Bathymetry of the study area: the southern 200 km of the Reykjanes Ridge (Image from Panasiuk thesis).</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>B.Sc. Hon. student Jennifer Cann</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>David Summer (far left) and Octavio Acuna-Avendano (far right), along with other members of the iMAGE-CREATE team, completed the 2-day long Personal Survival Training course, which included learning about potential emergencies at sea and practicing survival techniques in case of abandoning the ship. Photo Credit: Jessie Kehew</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Ph.D. students David Summer (left), Sheila Ballantyne (middle), and Jonathan Umbsaar (right) explore some columnar basalt during the Iceland Field Course.</image:caption>
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    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b96df9a3917ee33f30f707a/1582480403151-EDRSYTMLOFP227C96HP1/Talia.jpg</image:loc>
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      <image:caption>The Léopold Gélinas Medal: Nominated theses are evaluated on the basis or originality, validity of concepts, organization and presentation of data, understanding of volcanology &amp; petrology, and depth of research.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Expedition logo of the M190 cruise (left) and a photograph of hydrothermal venting at the Menez Gwen hydrothermal field southwest of the Azores (above). MARUM – Center for Marine Environmental Sciences, University of Bremen (CC-BY 4.0)</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>The team on board the R/V Falkor (too) during the FKt230303 cruise. Photo courtesy of the Schmidt Ocean Institute.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Whatever it is, the way you tell your story online can make all the difference.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Read the full interview here: https://www.wgcanada.org/post/melissa-anderson-phd?utm_campaign=35c086be-4bbd-49b4-bd64-f0c6c1ca7024&amp;utm_source=so&amp;utm_medium=mail&amp;cid=bcf9fd88-41b8-42f1-825d-7a5985d6db95</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>To listen: https://earthnewsinterviews.podbean.com/e/geoscience-education-field-course-roundtable/</image:caption>
    </image:image>
    <image:image>
      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b96df9a3917ee33f30f707a/64b03f74-28ab-49fc-aac3-25077209f923/MRT+bowling+Dec+2021.jpg</image:loc>
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      <image:caption>Mineral Resources and Tectonics research group: Sheila Bellantyne (incoming Ph.D), Sofia Panasiuk (B.Sc.), Morgan Wolfe (B.Sc.), Octavio Acuña-Avendano (Ph.D), David Summer (Ph.D.), and Jon Umbsaar (incoming Ph.D).</image:caption>
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      <image:loc>https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/5b96df9a3917ee33f30f707a/8d27e497-b28f-46a5-9291-a1f922262d96/Emily.jpg</image:loc>
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      <image:caption>M.Sc. candidate Emily McDonald</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>Poster presented by Ph.D. candidate Jonathan Umbsaar at the 2022 GAC-MAC conference.</image:caption>
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      <image:caption>For more information about the Gordan Research Conference: https://www.grc.org/geochemistry-of-mineral-deposits-conference/2022/.</image:caption>
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